TITLE
Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) Sapling Study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Soil and Air Temperature
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(s)
Pamela
Templer
Boston University
Department of Biology
5 Cummington Mall
Boston, MA 02215
US
Phone: 617-353-6978
Boston University
Department of Biology
5 Cummington Mall
Boston, MA 02215
US
Phone: 617-353-6978
Rebecca
Sanders-DeMott
University of New Hampshire
Earth Systems Research Center
8 College Rd
Durham, NH 03824
US
University of New Hampshire
Earth Systems Research Center
8 College Rd
Durham, NH 03824
US
Francis
Bowles
Research Designs
Lyme, NH
US
Research Designs
Lyme, NH
US
ABSTRACT:
Soil temperature was measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) sapling treatment plots. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal).
Soil temperature was measured on all Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) sapling treatment plots. There were seven treatments for each species of maple. For each species, ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC, warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the growing-season (snow removal).
KEYWORD SET: Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study
LTER
soil temperature, soil moisture, ecosystems, forests, HBEF CCASE Plots, HBR, Hubbard Brook LTER, soil warming, snow removal, sapling.
KEYWORD SET: LTER Core Research Areas
disturbance.
BEGIN DATE
2014-01-01
END DATE
2015-12-31
LOCATION
CCASE (Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment) Sapling plots located near the Pierce Laboratory.
West bounding coordinate: -71.699855
East bounding coordinate: -71.699630
North bounding coordinate: 43.943234
South bounding coordinate: 43.942975
East bounding coordinate: -71.699630
North bounding coordinate: 43.943234
South bounding coordinate: 43.942975
RESEARCH SUMMARY
Northern forest ecosystems are projected to experience
warmer growing seasons, as well as winters with reduced
snowpack depth and duration. Reduced snowpack will expose
soils to cold winter air and lead to increased frequency of
freeze-thaw cycles. The interactions between warmer soils in the
growing season and colder soils in winter may have important implications
for the phenology, productivity, and nutrient content of forest plants.
As an extention of the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH, USA, we conducted an experiement to
examine the effects of growing season warming, reduced depth and duration of winter
snowpack, as well as increased frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycles on sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
and red maple (Acer rubrum) saplings. We examined the direct effects of soil temperatures on plant
root health, timing of leaf-out, foliar nitrogen, rates of photosynthesis, and growth, as well
as the indirect effects of snowpack reduction on herbivory on plant stems.
SITE DESCRIPTION
This experiment was conducted in an open field at the HBEF.
We planted 70 red maple and 70 sugar maple saplings (2-3 years old)
into individual 25-gallon open-bottomed buried pots (one plant per buried
plot; 56 cm diameter, 46 cm depth) filled with homogenized soil. For each species,
ten saplings experienced ambient temperatures (reference), ten experienced growing
season warming with no induced freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed), ten in each of
four groups experienced warming in the growing season coupled with two, four, six, or
eight soil freeze-thaw cycles in winter (warmed + 2 FTC, warmed + 4 FTC, warmed + 6 FTC,
warmed + 8 FTC), and ten experienced snow removal in winter with ambient temperatures in the
growing-season (snow removal). At the time of planting in June 2013, saplings were removed
from their original pots and planted in rows into the individual buried pots with their root
ball intact. One buried pot was left bare at the end of each row of saplings to serve as a
treatment buffer. A 2.2 m tall fence was installed around the site to protect saplings from
browsing by large herbivores, such as deer and moose.
FIELD COLLECTION PROCEDURES
Soil temperature and moisture were measureed in a subset of pots in each treatment
(evenly distributed across species) using thermistors (n = 8 per row; Betatherm
type 10K3A1 thermistor bead, Part #13424, Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT, USA) at 10 cm
depth and volumetric soil moisture sensors (n = 2 per row, Model CS616, Campbell Scientific,
Logan, UT, USA) inserted vertically to provide an integrative measure of soil moisture in the top
30 cm of soil. An air temperature sensor was installed at height of 2 m above the surface;
model CSI 215 Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT, USA).
REFERENCES
- Sanders-DeMott, R., McNellis, R., Jabouri, M., and Templer, P.H. (in Press) Snow depth, soil temperature, and plant-herbivore interactions mediate plant response to climate change. Journal of Ecology,
DATA ACCESS GUIDELINES
Data Use Policy
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. Permission to use this dataset is granted to the Data User free of charge subject to the following terms:
1) Acceptable use. Use of the dataset will be restricted to academic, research, government or other not-for-profit professional purposes.
2) Redistribution. The data and metadata are provided for use by the Data User. The Data User will not redistribute the original Data Set or metadata to others without the explicit permission of the Principal Investigator.
3) Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly attribute the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset identifier.
Citation example: Holmes, R.T. 2012. Bird Abundances at Hubbard Brook (1969-2010) and on three replicate plots (1986-2000) in the White Mountain National Forest. Durham, NH. Hubbard Brook Data Archive [Database]. http://data.hubbardbrook.org/data/dataset.php?id=81 (23 July 2012)
4) Acknowledgment: The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed to its content. Acknowledgments should identify the supporting party, the party that received the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers.
Acknowledgment example: Data on [topic] were provided by [name of PI] on [date]. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Significant funding for collection of these data was provided by [agency]-[grant number], [agency]-[grant number], etc.
5) Consultation and questions. Data users are strongly encouraged to consult with the Principal Investigator(s) who collected these data for further information. Also, when appropriate, Data Users should consider including the Principal Investigator as a collaborator and/or co-author in the use of these data.
6) Notification. The Data User will notify the Principal Investigator of any publication or derivative work based on the Data Set. The Data User will also provide the Principal Investigator and/or the administrator of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study with a pdf or two reprints of any publication(s) resulting from use of the Data Set.
7) Disclaimer. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation contained in this Data Set, complete accuracy of data and metadata cannot be guaranteed. All data and metadata are made available "as is". The Data User holds all parties involved in the production or distribution of the Data Set harmless for damages resulting from its use or interpretation.
8) Terms of Agreement. By accepting this Data Set, the Data User agrees to abide by the terms of this agreement. The Data Owner shall have the right to terminate this agreement immediately by written notice upon the Data User's breach of, or non-compliance with, any of its terms. The Data User may be held responsible for any misuse that is caused or encouraged by the Data User's failure to abide by the terms of this agreement.
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. Permission to use this dataset is granted to the Data User free of charge subject to the following terms:
1) Acceptable use. Use of the dataset will be restricted to academic, research, government or other not-for-profit professional purposes.
2) Redistribution. The data and metadata are provided for use by the Data User. The Data User will not redistribute the original Data Set or metadata to others without the explicit permission of the Principal Investigator.
3) Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly attribute the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset identifier.
Citation example: Holmes, R.T. 2012. Bird Abundances at Hubbard Brook (1969-2010) and on three replicate plots (1986-2000) in the White Mountain National Forest. Durham, NH. Hubbard Brook Data Archive [Database]. http://data.hubbardbrook.org/data/dataset.php?id=81 (23 July 2012)
4) Acknowledgment: The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed to its content. Acknowledgments should identify the supporting party, the party that received the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers.
Acknowledgment example: Data on [topic] were provided by [name of PI] on [date]. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Significant funding for collection of these data was provided by [agency]-[grant number], [agency]-[grant number], etc.
5) Consultation and questions. Data users are strongly encouraged to consult with the Principal Investigator(s) who collected these data for further information. Also, when appropriate, Data Users should consider including the Principal Investigator as a collaborator and/or co-author in the use of these data.
6) Notification. The Data User will notify the Principal Investigator of any publication or derivative work based on the Data Set. The Data User will also provide the Principal Investigator and/or the administrator of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study with a pdf or two reprints of any publication(s) resulting from use of the Data Set.
7) Disclaimer. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation contained in this Data Set, complete accuracy of data and metadata cannot be guaranteed. All data and metadata are made available "as is". The Data User holds all parties involved in the production or distribution of the Data Set harmless for damages resulting from its use or interpretation.
8) Terms of Agreement. By accepting this Data Set, the Data User agrees to abide by the terms of this agreement. The Data Owner shall have the right to terminate this agreement immediately by written notice upon the Data User's breach of, or non-compliance with, any of its terms. The Data User may be held responsible for any misuse that is caused or encouraged by the Data User's failure to abide by the terms of this agreement.
CONTACT PERSON
Information Manager, Hubbard Brook LTER
234 Mirror Lake Road
North Woodstock, NH 03262
USA
Phone: (603) 726-8902
Email: hbr-im@lternet.edu
Data file: ccase_saplings_soiltemp.txt
Description: Soil temperature measurements in the CCASE Sapling plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.
Notes on Data: The original data is located in the Templer Lab, Boston University and was updated in November 2015.
Description: Soil temperature measurements in the CCASE Sapling plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.
Notes on Data: The original data is located in the Templer Lab, Boston University and was updated in November 2015.
Column | Variable | Description | Units | Coded? | Missing value label |
1 | Date | Sample collection date | YYYY-MM-DD | n | none |
2 | Air_Avg_Temp | Average air temperature | celsius | n | -999.99 |
3 | Ref_Avg_Temp | Reference average soil temperature at 5cm | celsius | n | -999.99 |
4 | Warm_Avg_Temp | Warmed average soil tempearture at 5cm | celsius | n | -999.99 |
5 | WarmFTC6_Avg_Temp | Warmed plus 6 soil freeze/thaw cycles average soil temperature at 5cm | celsius | n | -999.99 |
6 | WarmFTC4_Avg_Temp | Warmed plus 4 soil freeze/thaw cycles average soil temperature at 5cm | celsius | n | -999.99 |
7 | WarmFTC8_Avg_Temp | Warmed plus 8 soil freeze/thaw cycles average soil temperature at 5cm | celsius | n | -999.99 |
8 | WarmFTC2_Avg_Temp | Warmed plus 2 soil freeze/thaw cycles average soil temperature at 5cm | celsius | n | -999.99 |
9 | SnowRem_Avg_Temp | Snow Removal averate soil temperature at 5cm | celsius | n | -999.99 |
10 | Ref_Avg_VWC | Reference average soil moisture 0-30cm (fraction) | number | n | -999.99 |
11 | Warm_Avg_VWC | Warmed average soil moisture 0-30cm (fraction) | number | n | -999.99 |
12 | WarmFTC6_VWC | Warmed plus 6 freeze/thaw cycles average soil moisture 0-30cm (fraction) | number | n | -999.99 |
13 | WarmFTC4_VWC | Warmed plus 4 freeze/thaw cycles average soil moisture 0-30cm (fraction) | number | n | -999.99 |
14 | WarmFTC8_VWC | Warmed plus 8 freeze/thaw cycles average soil moisture 0-30cm (fraction) | number | n | -999.99 |
15 | WarmFTC2_VWC | Warmed plus 2 freeze/thaw cycles average soil moisture 0-30cm (fraction) | number | n | -999.99 |
16 | SnowRem_Avg_VWC | Snow Removal average soil moisture 0-30cm (fraction) | number | n | -999.99 |
Variable | Missing Value Code | Code Explanation |
Air_Avg_Temp | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
Ref_Avg_Temp | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
Warm_Avg_Temp | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
WarmFTC6_Avg_Temp | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
WarmFTC4_Avg_Temp | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
WarmFTC8_Avg_Temp | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
WarmFTC2_Avg_Temp | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
SnowRem_Avg_Temp | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
Ref_Avg_VWC | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
Warm_Avg_VWC | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
WarmFTC6_VWC | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
WarmFTC4_VWC | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
WarmFTC8_VWC | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
WarmFTC2_VWC | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |
SnowRem_Avg_VWC | -999.99 | Data missing or not taken at this time |