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hbr0166
Valleywide Streamwater Chemistry
Chemistry of Streamwater at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Valleywide Measurements, 2001
Gene E.
Likens
Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
2801 Sharon Turnpike
Millbrook
NY
12545
USA
(845) 677-5343
Don
Buso
Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
234 Mirror Lake Road
North Woodstock
NH
03262
USA
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
LTER
234 Mirror Lake Road
North Woodstock
NH
03262
USA
(603) 726-8902
http://www.hubbardbrook.org
2015
Streamwater chemistry has been measured at the Hubbard Brook
Experimental Forest since 1963. This study expands upon relationships observed from
long-term studies of stream water chemistry within the nine gaged watersheds at Hubbard Brook Experimental
Forest, in order to determine whether those relationships hold true for the wider Hubbard Brook Valley. This dataset
includes data from samples collected across the valley from tributary streams of Hubbard Brook.
Measurements included ANC, pH, DOC, DIC, cations, anions, specific conductance and temperature.
.
aluminum
ammonium
acid neutralizing capacity
calcium
chemistry
chloride
dissolved inorganic carbon
dissolved organic carbon
HBEF Valleywide Study
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
HBR
Hubbard Brook LTER
magnesium
nitrate
pH
phosphate
potassium
silica
sodium
specific conductance
stream
sulfate
temperature
watershed
Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study LTER
inorganic nutrients
LTER Core Research Areas
Data Access Guidelines for Streamwater Chemistry
We are happy to share these data on the chemistry of Hubbard Brook ecosystems. The public dissemination of these data that we have collected is a responsibility that we take very seriously. As stewards of these long-term data, our highest priorities are:
a. to maintain the integrity of these long-term data;
b. to allow adequate time for the analysis, quality assurance, and publication of results by principal investigators;
c. to acknowledge properly and responsibly the appropriate funding sources.
Therefore, it is HBES policy to make these streamwater data available on this web page two years after the date of collection. Also, in sharing these data with users like yourself, we ask that you adhere to the following guidelines as a matter of common courtesy and ethical responsibility:
1. Please inform us in advance of your interest and plans for use of these data (likensg@caryinstitute.org).
2. The sources of funding used to collect these data must be acknowledged properly. We will provide the appropriate information when we learn what data are being used.
3. We would like to review any manuscripts that utilize extensive amounts (e.g. multiple years) of these data. If data use is extensive, or if these data have not been published previously, it may be appropriate for us to be included as authors on publication that are generated given the additional requirements from us for analysis and interpretation.
Data Use Policy
The re-use of scientific data has the potential to greatly
increase communication, collaboration and synthesis within and among
disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and encouraged. Permission to
use this dataset is granted to the Data User free of charge subject to the
following terms:
1) Acceptable use. Use of the dataset will be restricted to academic, research,
government or other not-for-profit professional purposes.
2) Redistribution. The data and metadata are provided for use by the Data User.
The Data User will not redistribute the original Data Set or metadata to
others without the explicit permission of the Principal Investigator.
3) Citation. It is considered a matter of professional ethics to acknowledge the work
of other scientists. Thus, the Data User will properly attribute
the Data Set in any publications or in the metadata of any derived data products
that were produced using the Data Set. Citation should take the
following general form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title of Dataset,
Publisher, Dataset identifier.
Citation example: Holmes, R.T. 2012. Bird Abundances at Hubbard Brook (1969-2010)
and on three replicate plots (1986-2000) in the White Mountain
National Forest. Durham, NH. Hubbard Brook Data Archive [Database].
http://hubbardbrook.org/data/dataset.php?id=81 (23 July 2012)
4) Acknowledgment: The Data User should acknowledge any institutional support or specific
funding awards referenced in the metadata accompanying this
dataset in any publications where the Data Set contributed to its content. Acknowledgments
should identify the supporting party, the party that received
the support, and any identifying information such as grant numbers.
Acknowledgment example: Data on [topic] were provided by [name of PI] on [date].
These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem
Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,
which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service,
Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Significant funding for collection of these
data was provided by [agency]-[grant number], [agency]-[grant
number], etc.
5) Consultation and questions. Data users are strongly encouraged to consult with the Principal
Investigator(s) who collected these data for further information. Also, when appropriate,
Data Users should consider including the Principal Investigator as a collaborator and/or co-author
in the use of these data.
6) Notification. The Data User will notify the Principal Investigator of any publication or
derivative work based on the Data Set. The Data User will
also provide the Principal Investigator and/or the administrator of the Hubbard Brook
Ecosystem Study with a pdf or two reprints of any publication(s)
resulting from use of the Data Set.
7) Disclaimer. While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data
and documentation contained in this Data Set, complete accuracy of data and
metadata cannot be guaranteed. All data and metadata are made available "as
is". The Data User holds all parties involved in the production or
distribution of the Data Set harmless for damages resulting from its use or
interpretation.
8) Terms of Agreement. By accepting this Data Set, the Data User agrees to abide by the
terms of this agreement. The Data Owner shall have the right to terminate
this agreement immediately by written notice upon the Data User's breach of,
or non-compliance with, any of its terms. The Data User may be held
responsible for any misuse that is caused or encouraged by the Data User's
failure to abide by the terms of this agreement.
http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/dataset.php?id=166
The valley-wide stream samples are a series of collections spanning the entire Hubbard Brook Valley.
-71.80620
-71.70220
43.9590
43.9140
2001
2001
Information Manager, Hubbard Brook LTER
234 Mirror Lake Road
North Woodstock
NH
03262
USA
(603) 726-8902
hbr-im@lternet.edu
http://www.hubbardbrook.org
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
LTER
234 Mirror Lake Road
North Woodstock
NH
03262
USA
(603) 726-8902
http://www.hubbardbrook.org
Hubbard Brook LTER
SAMPLING DESIGN
Each stream was sampled at 100m intervals, from the confluence with the main Hubbard Brook, to the
first running water, typically at the top of each watershed. Major side channels for 2nd and 3rd-order
streams were also sampled at 100m intervals to first running water. Each of the major tributary
watersheds was sampled in one day. Some watersheds were relatively simple, so that several similar
streams could be sampled in one day. Other watersheds had a variety of branching patterns and rugged
terrain that took an entire day to cover. Coverage is more complete (750 samples in the fall vs
650 in the spring) in the fall survey for 2 reasons: 1) streams gradually dried up in the late
spring, early summer survey as leaf-out progressed; 2) streams tended to wet-up in the fall after
deciduous leaf abscission. Thus, the distance to first running water was often extended in the second
survey. All the major perennial streams in the HBEF Valley were included. There were a number of
stream channels that were not sampled because they were dry. These evidently were ephemeral tributaries
that contained water only briefly during snowmelt runoff and following heavy rain events.
SAMPLE SITE LOCATION
Samples were taken at 100m intervals determined by walking up the channels with a hip-chain in the
first survey. On reaches with a sinusoidal pattern, the straight-line distance between samples sites
could be much shorter than 100m. Labeled, polypropylene flags were inserted in the stream bank at
each site along with a tape streamer for quick identification during the second round.
Locations were determined using a hand-held GPS receiver (Garmen Vista). Elevations were taken from
a USGS DEM provided in Terrain Navigator mapping software. Sample sites could be roughly located by
the branching pattern of the systematic watershed and site numbering system (see data Format next),
but this could be highly inaccurate because no system was found that could number forked channels as
to direction left/right, or east/west, etc.
SCOPE OF WORK
Samples were collected in the spring after snowmelt and again in the fall before winter snowfall.
The initial plan was to reduce the two collection periods to a minimum of a few weeks each to provide
near-instantaneous ‘snap-shots’ of biogeochemical conditions throughout the Valley. However, this
proved to be impossible, given the logistics involved in sampling nearly simultaneously all the
major tributaries to Hubbard Brook. As a result, each time period extended to almost 2 months.
There were no heavy rains and resultant high stream flows on days when samples were collected.
Thus, we have some confidence that hydrologic conditions were not radically different between streams
during each survey. Furthermore, our long-term data from the gauged watersheds indicates that the
relationship between stream flow and solute concentration is relatively weak for most solutes,
even across 5 orders of magnitude increases in flow. Spring snowmelt in 2001 proceeded remarkably
gradually and without any rain-augmented high flows. There were no heavy rain events in the fall of
2001, prior to our collection, and a permanent snow pack did not develop until after we had finished.
ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL
The chemical measurements were made at HBEF in the RS Pierce Ecosystems Laboratory (N. Woodstock, NH),
or at the Cary Institute of Ecosystems Studies Analytical Laboratory (Millbrook, NY), or at the US Forest
Service Laboratory (Durham, NH). Analytical protocols and estimates of accuracy and precision are described
in detail by Buso et al. (2000). Quality control procedures used as a standard for the long-term Hubbard
Brook chemical data were applied to these data as well.
DATA PROTOCOL
The main Hubbard Brook (HB) watershed was labeled #88. The tributary watersheds (WS-) were numbered by the approximate distance
in meters, divided by 10, upstream from the Rte 3 bridge over HB (starting point of the survey). For example, WS-70
(Mirror Lake outlet stream) enters HB at about 700m above Rte 3; WS-1305 (Lost Brook) enters HB about 13 km upstream of Rte 3.
Larger branches on 4th order streams were given separate watershed labels: e.g. WS-868 (Canyon Brook) branched into 868
(east fork) and 869 (west fork).
The decision to choose the main stem at a fork was based on an estimate of observed flow and not the base map.
Sample sites were numbered starting at site 0 (a few meters above the entry point of the tributary to the main Hubbard
Brook) and increased upstream at 100m intervals: e.g. WS-392, Site 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. Branches on tributaries were numbered
according to the distance along the 100m interval: e.g., WS-392 branches at 1530m above HB, giving rise to site number
15.30. Additional sample sites on these branches were numbered by 100m intervals from the point of branching: e.g., in
WS-392, we collected three more samples up branch 15.30, at sites numbered 15.31, 15.32, and 15.33. While obviously
flawed from the standpoint of perfect fractal nomenclature, this was an on-the-fly decision that allowed for quick
identification of bottles and corresponding field notes.
The main Hubbard Brook (preset as WS-88) was sampled just upstream of each tributary and these sites were labeled with
the tributary watershed number: e.g. WS-88, Site-1074 was the main HB sample taken just above the main stem of Kineo
Brook (WS-1074).
Chemistry of precipitation, streamwater, and
lakewater from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study: a
record of sampling protocols and analytical
procedures
D.C.
Buso
G.E.
Likens
J.S.
Eaton
2000
USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station Gen. Tech.
Rep. NE-275
USDA Forest Service
Newtown Square, PA
52 pp.
valley_stream_chem
Stream chemistry data for Valleywide Study at Hubbard Brook LTER
valley_stream_chem.txt
ASCII
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0
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0x2c
http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/data_policy.php?target=valley_stream_chem.txt
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WATERSHED
Watershed number
Watersheds were numbered according to their distance from Mirror Lake. See Methods section for details.
SITE_NO
Site of sample collection
Collection sites numbered every 100 m from the tributary point of entry to Hubbard Brook. See Methods section for details.
YEAR
Year of collection
YYYY
1
MONTH
Month of collection
MM
1
1
12
DAY
Day of collection
DD
1
1
31
EST
Time of collection, Eastern Standard Time, 24 hour clock format
HHMM
1
0001
2459
VISIT
Season of collection
1
Spring 2001
2
Fall 2001
UTM_EAST
Easterly location in UTM based on NAD83
meter
real
UTM_NORTH
Northerly location in UTM based on NAD83
meter
real
GPS_ERR
Estimate of uncertainty of position of GPS receiver.
meter
real
-3
Data missing or not taken
ELEV
Elevation (in meters) above MSL, derived from USGS DEM
meter
real
AREA_HA
Watershed area in hectares upstream of sample site
hectare
real
-9999.99
Data missing or not taken
AREA_KM2
Watershed area in square kilometers upstream of sample site
kilometerSquared
real
-9999.9999
Data missing or not taken
CA_CONC
calcium concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
0.01
real
MG_CONC
magnesium concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
0.01
real
K_CONC
potassium concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
0.01
real
NA_CONC
sodium concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
0.01
real
Al_M_CONC
total monomeric aluminum in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
0.005
real
NH4_CONC
ammonium concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
0.01
real
pH
pH
dimensionless
0.01
real
SO4_CONC
sulfate concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
0.01
real
NO3_CONC
nitrate concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
0.01
real
CL_CONC
chloride concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
.001
real
PO4_CONC
Ortho-phosphate concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
0.0001
real
DOC_CONC
Dissolved organic carbon concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
.0001
real
DIC_CONC
Dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
.0001
real
SIO2_CONC
silicate concentration in mg/L
milligramPerLiter
.001
real
ANC
Acid neutralizing capacity in ueq/L
microequivalentPerLiter
0.1
real
SPCOND
Specific conductance corrected to 25 degrees celcius in uS/cm
microsiemensPerCentimeter
0.1
real
-999.9
Data missing or not taken
TEMP
Temperature in degrees celcius measured in stream at time of collection
celcius
0.1
real
square kilometers
concentration of charge (on dissolved ions). A single multiplier to SI is not possible,
since conversion includes valence of ion.
unit of element concentration in precipitation
microsiemens per centimeter
unit of temperature