uid=HBR,o=LTER,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
hbr0025
Throughfall 1989-1992
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Throughfall Data, 1989-1992
Gary M.
Lovett
Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Box AB
Millbrook
NY
12545
USA
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
LTER
234 Mirror Lake Road
North Woodstock
NH
03262
USA
(603) 726-8902
http://www.hubbardbrook.org
Scott S.
Nolan
associated researcher
Charles T.
Driscoll
associated researcher
Timothy J.
Fahey
associated researcher
2015
Throughfall was collected during the growing season (1 June - 30 September) from sites on or near
Watershed 5 (1989, 1990, 1992) and Watershed 6 (1989 - 1992). Samples were analysed for cations, anions, pH
and Total Organic Carbon (TOC).
aluminum
ammonium
calcium
chemistry
chloride
forests
HBEF throughfall study
HBEF Watershed 5
HBEF Watershed 6
HBR
Hubbard Brook LTER
magnesium
nitrate
nutrient cycling
pH
phosphate
potassium
precipitation
rain
silica
sodium
sulfate
throughfall
total organic carbon
watershed
Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study LTER
inorganic nutrients
organic matter
LTER Core Research Areas
Data Use Policy
The re-use of scientific data has the
potential to greatly increase communication,
collaboration and synthesis within and among
disciplines, and thus is fostered, supported and
encouraged. Permission to use this dataset is
granted to the Data User free of charge subject
to the following terms:
1) Acceptable use. Use of the dataset will be
restricted to academic, research, government or
other not-for-profit professional
purposes.
2) Redistribution. The data and metadata are
provided for use by the Data User. The Data User
will not redistribute the original Data Set or
metadata to others without the explicit
permission of the Principal Investigator.
3) Citation. It is considered a matter of
professional ethics to acknowledge the work of
other scientists. Thus, the Data User will
properly attribute the Data Set in any
publications or in the metadata of any derived
data products that were produced using the Data
Set. Citation should take the following general
form: Creator, Year of Data Publication, Title
of Dataset, Publisher, Dataset
identifier.
Citation example: Holmes, R.T. 2012. Bird
Abundances at Hubbard Brook (1969-2010) and on
three replicate plots (1986-2000) in the White
Mountain National Forest. Durham, NH. Hubbard
Brook Data Archive [Database].
http://hubbardbrook.org/data/dataset.php?id=81
(23 July 2012)
4) Acknowledgment: The Data User should
acknowledge any institutional support or
specific funding awards referenced in the
metadata accompanying this dataset in any
publications where the Data Set contributed to
its content. Acknowledgments should identify the
supporting party, the party that received the
support, and any identifying information such as
grant numbers.
Acknowledgment example: Data on [topic] were
provided by [name of PI] on [date]. These data
were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook
Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a
collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook
Experimental Forest, which is operated and
maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern
Research Station, Newtown Square, PA.
Significant funding for collection of these data
was provided by [agency]-[grant number],
[agency]-[grant number], etc.
5) Consultation and questions. Data users are
strongly encouraged to consult with the
Principal Investigator(s) who collected these
data for further information. Also, when
appropriate, Data Users should consider
including the Principal Investigator as a
collaborator and/or co-author in the use of
these data.
6) Notification. The Data User will notify the
Principal Investigator of any publication or
derivative work based on the Data Set. The Data
User will also provide the Principal
Investigator and/or the administrator of the
Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study with a pdf or two
reprints of any publication(s) resulting from
use of the Data Set.
7) Disclaimer. While substantial efforts are
made to ensure the accuracy of data and
documentation contained in this Data Set,
complete accuracy of data and metadata cannot be
guaranteed. All data and metadata are made
available "as is". The Data User holds all
parties involved in the production or
distribution of the Data Set harmless for
damages resulting from its use or
interpretation.
8) Terms of Agreement. By accepting this Data
Set, the Data User agrees to abide by the terms
of this agreement. The Data Owner shall have the
right to terminate this agreement immediately by
written notice upon the Data User's breach of,
or non-compliance with, any of its terms. The
Data User may be held responsible for any misuse
that is caused or encouraged by the Data User's
failure to abide by the terms of this agreement.
http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/dataset.php?id=25
Watershed 5 Site A
-71.739375
-71.731253
43.957167
43.948942
525
525
meter
Watershed 5 Site B
-71.739375
-71.731253
43.957167
43.948942
570
570
meter
Watershed 5 Site C
-71.739375
-71.731253
43.957167
43.948942
685
685
meter
Watershed 5 Site D
-71.739375
-71.731253
43.957167
43.948942
750
750
meter
Watershed 6 Site A
-71.742990
-71.735175
43.957070
43.949996
530
530
meter
Watershed 6 Site B
-71.742990
-71.735175
43.957070
43.949996
605
605
meter
Watershed 6 Site C
-71.742990
-71.735175
43.957070
43.949996
705
705
meter
Watershed 6 Site D
-71.742990
-71.735175
43.957070
43.949996
775
775
meter
1989
1992
Information Manager, Hubbard Brook LTER
234 Mirror Lake Road
North Woodstock
NH
03262
USA
(603) 726-8902
hbr-im@lternet.edu
http://www.hubbardbrook.org
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
LTER
234 Mirror Lake Road
North Woodstock
NH
03262
USA
(603) 726-8902
http://www.hubbardbrook.org
Hubbard Brook LTER
SAMPLING DESIGN
Study areas were on or near watersheds 5 and 6. The study area spans the elevational range 500-800 m. Watershed 6 (13 ha)
and adjacent land to the west is covered by mature northern hardwood forest in which the dominant canopy tree species are
sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and yellow birch (Betula allegheniensis Britt.) with some white ash (Fraxinus americana L.)
on the lower slopes. Canopy height is generally about 20-25 m, and epiphyte cover is negligible. The upper 20% of the hillslope is
covered by a spruce-fir-birch forest type comprised of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Miller)
and paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.). Canopy heights in this zone are generally < 20m and epiphytic lichens are present on
larger spruces and firs.
On watershed 5 (22 ha), which is immediately to the east of watershed 6, all trees > 10 cm dbh were harvested in 1983-84 and a
regenerating forest was present during this study. These 6-10 year old stands are dominated by pin cherry (Prunus pennsylvanica L.),
usually with an understory of beech, maple, and yellow birch. In 1992, the generating forest had attained a height of about 20 m in the
lower parts of the watershed but only about 1-2 m near the ridge because of thin soils, exposure to wind, and severe browsing by moose.
Throughfall was collected at four sites in the mature forest during the growing seasons (1 June - 30 September) of
1989 - 1992 (Table 1). Three of the sites (6 A, B, and C) were in the northern hardwood forest type, and the fourth (6D)
had a sparse paper birch overstory and an understory of spruce and fir. Although these sites are not in watershed 6
(which is maintained as a reference watershed with minimal access) they are adjacent to it and are representative of its
vegetation. In 1989, 1990, and 1992 throughfall was also collected at four sites in the regenerating forest of watershed 5
(sites 5A, B, C and D). Incident bulk precipitation was collected in three clearings at 550, 650, and 780 m.
Each throughfall collector consisted of 20 cm diameter polyethylene funnel mounted about 1 m above the ground on a narrow
wooden stand; the funnel drained directly into a clear polyethylene bag. A plug of fibrous polyester was placed in the stem
of the funnel to filter coarse debris. Six such collectors were placed randomly at each site, and throughfall from the six
collectors was pooled into a single sample for the site.
Samples were usually collected within 24 hrs after the end of a rain event, although during periods of low personnel
availability samples were collected at longer intervals, but at least weekly. For this study, a precipitation event was
defined as a rainfall sufficient to produce measurable throughfall, separated from other rainfall periods by at least
a 6 h dry period. Of the 51 collections made during the study period, 21 represented single precipitation events and 30
included multiple events. At the time of sample collection, clean bags were installed in each collector and the polyester
filter was changed. The throughfall from all collectors at each site was pooled in the field, the volume was measured with
a graduated cylinder, and a sample was brought back to the laboratory. An aliquot was allowed to come to room temperature
and pH was measured with a glass electrode. Another aliquot of the sample, for analysis of NH4+ and NO3-, was preserved with
100 uL of chloroform per 100mL of sample, and a third aliquot for other analyses was not preserved. All samples were stored
in the dark at 4o C until chemical analysis was completed, usually within 6 months.
CALCULATIONS:
The incident precipitation amount and chemistry used in these analyses is the mean of our three open collectors for each
collection period. Stemflow was not measured during this study. However, Eaton et al. (1973) measured stemflow in this
forest and found that fluxes ranged from 4 - 13% (depending on the element) of throughfall fluxes. Thus the total solution
flux to the forest floor in this ecosystem is somewhat higher than the throughfall fluxes reported here. For each site,
volume-weighted mean concentrations for each year were multiplied by the appropriate precipitation amounts to calculate
fluxes in TF and bulk precipitation.
LABORATORY PROCEDURES
Analysis for NO3-, SO42-, and Cl- were measured with ion chromatography, K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry (Ca2+ and Mg2+ stabilized by lanthanum addition), and NH4+ by the indophenol blue method on a Technicon autoanalyzer.
Total organic carbon (TOC) was measured by infrared detection of CO2 after persulfate digestion, using an Astro 2001 TOC analyzer.
Statistical analysis was done in the SAS software system using the REG, ANOVA, and UNIVARIATE procedures (SAS 1987).
The biogeochemistry of potassium at Hubbard Brook
G.E.
Likens
C.T.
Driscoll
D.C.
Buso
T.G.
Siccama
C.E.
Johnson
D.F.
Ryan
G.M.
Lovett
T.J.
Fahey
W.A.
Reiners
1994
Biogeochemistry
25
61-125
The biogeochemistry of calcium at Hubbard Brook
likens
driscoll
buso
siccama
johnson
lovett
fahey
reiners
ryan
C.W.
Martin
S.W.
Bailey
1998
Biogeochemistry
41
2
89-173
Factors regulating throughfall flux in a New Hampshire forested landscape
lovett
S.S.
Nolan
driscoll
fahey
1996
english
Canadian Jounal of Forest Research
12
2145-2151
through-samp
Characteristics of sites used for throughfall sampling
through-samp.txt
1
0
\r\n
column
0x2c
http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/data_policy.php?target=through-samp.txt
uid=HBR,o=LTER,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
The data is physically located at the USDA Forest Service, Durham, NH and was last updated in
October 1997.
Watershed
The identification number of the current watershed
5
Watershed 5
6
Watershed 6
Site
The identification letter of the current site
A
Site area A
B
Site area B
C
Site area C
D
Site area D
Elevation
Topographical elevation of the current site
meter
1
whole
Vegetation
Identification codes for various vegetation types encountered in the current site
PC
Pin cherry
PB
Paper birch
NH
Northern hardwood
S
Red spruce
F
Balsam fir
Years sampled
The individual year or range of years during which sampling occurred
Years that samples were collected between 1989 - 1992
through1
The file through1.txt contains precipitation amount (cm) and volume-weighted mean concentrations (umol/L, except TOC in mg C/L) of solutes in bulk precipitation ("BP") and throughfall at the sampling sites. Sites are listed in Table 1. Means and standard deviations across sampling years are shown; n=3 years for watershed 5 sites, n=4 years for watershed 6 sites.
through1.txt
ASCII
1
0
\r\n
column
0x2c
http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/data_policy.php?target=through1.txt
uid=HBR,o=LTER,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
Site
The labeled site identification letter and optional BP suffix indicating that the current data point is a bulk precipitation value
5BP
Watershed 5 bulk precipitation
5A
Watershed 5 site A precipitation
5B
Watershed 5 site B precipitation
5C
Watershed 5 site C precipitation
5D
Watershed 5 site D precipitation
6BP
Watershed 6 bulk precipitation
6A
Watershed 6 site A precipitation
6B
Watershed 6 site B precipitation
6C
Watershed 6 site C precipitation
6D
Watershed 6 site D precipitation
MEAN/STD
Whether the current data point is a mean or standard value
MEAN
A mean value
STD
A standard value
H2O
(water) precipitation measurement
centimeter
.01
real
Cl-
concentration of chlorine anions
microMolePerLiter
.01
real
NO3-
concentration of nitrate anions
microMolePerLiter
.01
real
SO4 2-
concentration of sulfate anions
microMolePerLiter
.01
real
Na+
concentration of sodium cations
microMolePerLiter
.01
real
K+
concentration of potassium cations
microMolePerLiter
.01
real
Ca 2+
concentration of calcium cations
microMolePerLiter
.01
real
Mg 2+
concentration of magnesium cations
microMolePerLiter
.01
real
NH4+
concentration of ammonium cations
microMolePerLiter
.01
real
H+
proton concentration
microMolePerLiter
.01
real
TOC
total organic carbon concentration
milligramPerLiter
.01
real
through2
The file through2.txt contains fluxes of solutes in bulk precipitation ("BP") and throughfall at the sampling sites. Sites are listed in Table 1. Mean fluxes (mol/ha, except TOC in kg C/ha) and standard deviations across sampling years are shown.
through2.txt
ASCII
1
0
\r\n
column
0x2c
http://www.hubbardbrook.org/data/data_policy.php?target=through2.txt
uid=HBR,o=LTER,dc=ecoinformatics,dc=org
all
public
read
Site
The labeled site identification letter and optional BP suffix indicating that the current data point is a bulk precipitation value
5BP
Watershed 5 bulk precipitation
5A
Watershed 5 site A precipitation
5B
Watershed 5 site B precipitation
5C
Watershed 5 site C precipitation
5D
Watershed 5 site D precipitation
6BP
Watershed 6 bulk precipitation
6A
Watershed 6 site A precipitation
6B
Watershed 6 site B precipitation
6C
Watershed 6 site C precipitation
6D
Watershed 6 site D precipitation
MEAN/STD
Whether the current data point is a mean or standard value
MEAN
A mean value
STD
A standard value
Cl-
concentration of chlorine anions
molePerHectare
.01
real
NO3-
concentration of nitrate anions
molePerHectare
.01
real
SO4 2-
concentration of sulfate anions
molePerHectare
.01
real
Na+
concentration of sodium cations
molePerHectare
.01
real
K+
concentration of potassium cations
molePerHectare
.01
real
Ca 2+
concentration of calcium cations
molePerHectare
.01
real
Mg 2+
concentration of magnesium cations
molePerHectare
.01
real
NH4+
concentration of ammonium cations
molePerHectare
.01
real
H+
proton concentration
molePerHectare
.01
real
TOC
total organic carbon concentration
kilogramPerHectare
.01
real
kilograms per hectare
Unit of areal concentration
A custom unit of molarity
milligrams of solute per liter solution